PHRASE
WHAT IS PHRASE?
According to OXFORD DICTIONARY, PHRASE is
group of words which have a particular meaning when used together and according
to GEORGE DAVIDSON’S BOOK,
PHRASE is any group of two or more words that can occupy the same function slot
in a sentence as a single word. A phrase is not just any string of words that
happen to be next to each other in a sentence. In order to be a phrase, words
must occupy or belong to one single slot (subject, or verb, or direct
object, etc) in a sentence. Words that belong to two or more slots in a
sentence are NOT phrases.
The following groups
of words are therefore not
phrases, because they run across the boundary between two slots (marked
by'/,) in the sentences they are taken from:
old man laughed (The old man / laughed. -subject +
verb)
kicked
john's
(She / kicked
/ john's leg. -subject + verb + direct object)
bought
his mother
(He / bought /
his mother / some flowers. -Subject + verb + indirect object +
direct object)
Sings
like (She /
sings / like an angel. -subject + verb + adverbial)
*On the other hand, the old
man, john's leg, his mother and like an angel are phrases because
they do occupy single
slots in their sentences.
Heads
The
head of a phrase is the word in the phrase that defines what sort of phrase it
is.
For
example, the head of a noun phrase is the noun that is being
described in that phrase:
hot water
john's new puppy
a very silly mistake
The
head of an adjective phrase is the adjective in the phrase:
very silly
quite surprisingly good
big
enough
The
head of an adverb phrase is the main adverb in the phrase:
very foolishly
well
enough
The
head of a verb phrase is the main verb in the phrase:
should have known
will be coming
The
head of a prepositional phrase is the preposition that introduces the
phrase:
in
the garden
with
a knife
between
you and me
Phrases
are named after the part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, etc) that the head
of the phrase belongs to.
1.
A
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
A prepositional phrase
is a phrase that consists of a preposition followed by, for
example, a noun, a pronoun, a noun phrase or an adverb.
Who is that talking to George?
We saw her in
town the other day
They managed it between them
Shona was playing with her new puppy
Children have to learn to eat with a knife and fork
In 1965
I was still at school
To whom should I address my remarks?
Since when have you been in charge here?
What is in
there?
A
prepositional phrase may sometimes be split into two parts:
Who did you give it to?
What can I cut it with?
What are we standing here for?
HEAD
The head
of a prepositional
phrase is the preposition it begins with:
in silence
on the bed
from a distance
with difficulty
to my room
REST
The rest
of the prepositional phrase is called the object or complement
of the preposition:
In
silence
On
the
bed
from a
distance
with difficulty
to my
room
o
Prepositional phrases may themselves be the
complements of prepositions in larger
prepositional
phrases:
There was a lot of noise coming from behind the door
Some very odd-looking creatures crawled out from under the stones
o A prepositional phrase may be modified (that is, emphasized or limited in some way) by
an Adverb:
The
dog was lying right beside the gate
It
is quite beyond belief that
you could be so stupid
o Prepositional phrases sometimes come in pairs, especially in certain idioms:
Jenny was grinning from ear to ear
We are going to clean this house from top to bottom
FUNCTION OF PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
Two
of the main functions of prepositional phrases in sentences are as adverbials
(adjuncts, disjuncts and conjuncts) and as complements (both
subject-complements and object-complements):
1. Prepositional
phrases as adjuncts (saying where, when, how, with what, for whom, etc):
The cat was on
the table.
In Scotland ít sometimes snows in summer.
I paint with
great enthusiasm but with little skill.
2. Prepositional
phrases as disjuncts (making a comment on the rest of the sentence):
To my surprise, there was no-one there.
To Mrs Brown's relief, the storm hadn't damaged her fruit bushes.
In all fairness, I don't think we can blame her for what happened.
3. Prepositional
phrases as conjuncts (linking sentences):
You're not going diving. For a start, you can't swim.
In the first place, you don't know how to dive. For another thing, you can't afford it.
4. Prepositional
phrases as subject-complements:
Your work is of
great value.
His opinion is of little interest to me.
5. Prepositional
phrases as object-complements:
We considered the information of
little importance.
He found the work boring and beneath his dignity.
o
A prepositional phrase may modify
(that is to say, describe or identify) a preceding noun
in
much the same way as an adjective does:
Who is that man with red hair (that red-haired
man)
He
is a man of honor.
(an honorable man)
They
greeted us with screams of delight (delighted screams)
o
A prepositional phrase may equally modify
a following
noun:
He made a few off-the-cuff
remarks and sat down again. ( a few unprepared remarks, thought
up at the time of speaking)
These offences are subject to
on-the-spot fines. ( immediate fines)
o
A prepositional phrase may also modify
an adjective
or the
word not or -n't, (that is, it may
emphasize them or weaken their force):
Your behavior was foolish in the extreme. (extremely
foolish)
I am not in
the least surprised. (the
least surprised)
o
A prepositional phrase may function as the
complement of an adjective, a verb, a noun or
an
adverb. The complement of an adjective, verb, noun or adverb is a group of
words that follows it and provides further information relating to it:
Could we have a jug
of water, please?
There's
no need to be afraid of dogs
o
Two prepositional phrases may stand next
to each other in a sentence but with different
functions:
Her grandmother was sitting in an armchair with her cat
2.
AN
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
Is
any phrase that has an adjective as its head
and that can occupy the same position as a single adjective in a noun phrase or
fill the same slot as a single adjective in a sentence:
A big dog (ADJECTIVE)
A very big dog (ADJECTIVE PHRASE)
An irritating man (ADJECTIVE)
An extremely irritating man (ADJECTIVE PHRASE)
HEAD
The
head of an adjective phrase is the adjective in that phrase:
absolutely unbelievable
strong
enough
FUNCTIONS OF ADJECTIVE PHRASES
Like
adjectives, adjective phrases have two main functions.
o
Adjective phrases modify nouns:
a very
exciting proposal
a good
enough result
o
Adjective phrases function as subject-complements
or object-complements:
Her proposal was very exciting.
You've made us very
proud.
ADJECTIVE
PHRASE AND ADJECTIVAL PHRASE
Adjective phrases are
sometimes called adjectival phrases but, to avoid confusion, the two terms are best kept separate.
o
An adjective phrase is a phrase that
has an adjective as its head:
I was absolutely
amazed at what I saw.
The dog was extremely
protective
of the baby.
o
An adjectival phrase, on the other
hand, is any phrase that
can function like an adjective,
for
example by modifying a noun. Not only adjective phrases, therefore, but also
noun phrases, prepositional phrases, and other types of phrase can be classed as
'adjectival
phrases':
We had a five-hour
delay at the airport.
3.
A
NOUN PHRASE
Is a PHRASE that has a noun as its
head and that can occupy the same slot as a single NOUN or PRONOUN in
larger phrase or in a sentence:
John
is here (NOUN)
He
is here again (PRONOUN)
That
old man is here again (NOUN PHRASE)
HEAD
o
The
head
of a noun
phrase is the noun being described or referred to in the
phrase:
her older sister
a great big kiss
o
Sometimes a pronoun can be the head of a noun phrase:
That's a
big one.
I'd like those
red ones.
WORD
ORDER IN NOUN PHRASES
The
words that preceded a noun or pronoun in a noun phrase follow a certain order.
o
In first position in noun
phrases come the predeterminers, determiners, quantifiers and numerals,
in that order:
She was carrying several large black books.
Who owns those
two cars?
Other
types of adjectival phrase can modify a following noun in a noun phrase:
1.
One
common type of phrase that modifies a following noun or noun
phrase has the general structure adjective
+ noun + -ed:
A bad-tempered old man (a man who has a bad temper)
A four-legged animal (an animal that has four legs)
2. Another
type consists of a direct object or complement plus a participle:
man-eating sharks (sharks that eat
people)
a good-looking boy (a
boy who looks good)
3. A
third category of modifying phrase is the prepositional phrase:
an on-top-of-the-world
feeling
a rather over-the-top
suggestion
4. There
are many other types of phrase that can modify nouns:
a four-page
essay
four-day-old chicks
EXTENSIONS
OF THE NOUN PHRASE
A
noun or pronoun may be modified by a following word or phrase.
o
A noun or pronoun may be modified
by a following adjective or adjective phrase:
All the people
concerned have been
informed of the change of plan.
The president elect will be addressing the meeting.
o
A noun or pronoun may be modified
by a following prepositional phrase:
I see the house on the corner has been sold.
Her husband is a tall man with long black hair
FUNCTION OF NOUN PHRASE
o
Like nouns, noun phrases may fill the
subject slot in a sentence:
More heavy rain is expected later.
A rather fat,
middle-aged man was staring
at her.
o
A noun phrase may occupy the
direct object slot in a sentence:
The old lady was wearing a thick woolen coat.
I don't much like modern pop music.
o
A noun phrase may also function as an indirect
object:
I gave the
old beggar money for a cup of tea.
Tom took his
wife some flowers.
o
Noun phrases may be subject-complements:
That
is a
very good idea
She
will make him a good wife
Or
object-complements:
We
consider John a very good teacher
He
made her his personal assistant
o
A noun phrase may often function as an
adverbial, for example saving when or how something
is done:
I will see you tomorrow
night.
Next year we will do things differently
o
A noun phrase may be the
complement (or object) of a preposition in a prepositional
phrase:
You're in great
danger.
They watched the river level rising with growing alarm.
o
And finally, a noun phrase can modify
an adjective
or adverb,
in the same way that an adverb does:
She is feeling a
good deal better today, thank you.
It was a
lot worse than I had expected.
4.
AN
ADVERB PHRASE
Is
a group of words that has an adverb as its head:
Drive carefully! (ADVERB)
Drive very carefully! (ADVERB PHRASE)
HEAD
o
The head of an adverb phrase is the
adverb that carries the main meaning of the phrase:
very slowly
fast enough
FUNCTIONS OF ADVERB PHRASES
Adverb
phrases mostly function as adverbials. For example, an adverb phrase may be an
adjunct,
saying how, when, how much, etc
something happens or applies:
I don't think john is behaving entirely rationally.
I so
often feel that no-one is listening to me.
o
Adverb phrases also function as disjuncts,
commenting on the rest of the sentence:
Quite frankly, I don't want to know your reasons.
She is quite
obviously lying.
o
An adverb phrase may be a conjunct,
linking two sentences or two parts of a sentence:
I know you only wanted to help. Even so, I
don't think you should have got
involved in the argument
She might agree. Then again, she might not
o
Another function of adverb phrases is,
like adverbs, to modify adjectives, adverbs, and other word-groups, for example
to say how much or how little something is the case:
I know only
too well how you feel.
You're singing far too loudly
ADVERB
PHRASES AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES
An adverb phrase is sometimes
called an adverbial phrase but, to avoid confusion, the two terms are best kept
separate.
o
An adverb phrase is a phrase that has
an adverb as its head:
I do think we're doing this unnecessarily carefully
Do you come here very often?
o
An adverbial phrase, on the other hand,
is any phrase that can function
as an adverbial in a sentence. Adverb phrases can, of course, function as
adverbials, but so can prepositional phrases and noun phrases:
Noun phrases that function as adverbials:
I will visit Susan tomorrow morning.
She moved out the
very next day.
Prepositional phrases that function as adverbials:
Did you meet anyone interesting in town?
They stood watching from a safe distance
NOTE:
Noun phrases and prepositional phrases can therefore be classed along with
adverb phrases as 'adverbial phrases'.
5.
A
VERB PHRASES and PHRASAL VERBS
Is a PHRASE that can function in a
sentence in the same way as a single VERB:
She sings beautifully (VERB)
She is singing beautifully (VERB PHRASE)
She can sing beautifully (VERB PHRASE)
HEAD
The
head of a verb phrase is the main verb or lexical verb in that phrase,
the word that carries the main meaning of the phrase:
I have been reading
some very interesting books.
Helga should have known what to do.
A PHRASAL VERB
Is
an expression that consists of a LEXICAL VERB followed by an adverb, a
preposition, or both an adverb and a preposition:
Everybody
please stand up. (verb + adverb)
This
calls for immediate action. (verb + preposition)
I
get along with her very well. (verb + adverb + preposition)
o
Some phrasal verbs have
meanings that are predictable from the meanings of the words that form them:
Why don't you just go away?
Your mother phoned while you were out. She wants
you to call her back.
o
Other phrasal verbs have quite unpredictable
meanings:
We're going to have to fork out for a new car (= spend money)
Don't bottle
up your feelings of anger. (= keep them to
yourself, not express them)
CO-ORDINATION
Co-ordination
occurs when two or more words or phrases of equal importance and with the same
function are linked by words such as and, or
or but:
Sue
and Richard were painting the kitchen. (co-ordination of
subjects)
I've
brought some books and some magazines. (co-ordination
of objects)
Simon
painted his bike blue and purple. (co-ordination
of object-complements)
Should
I put these tools in the garage or the garden hut? (co-ordination of objects of a
preposition)
This
Job needs to be done quickly and accurately. (co-ordination of adverbials)
It
had been a long and tiring but enjoyable trip. (co-ordination of adjectives in a noun phrase)
o
If there are more than two words or
phrases linked together, then usually there is only one co-ordination word, and
the others are separated by commas:
Would you like tea,
coffee or hot chocolate? (co-ordination
of direct objects)
Abdullah went to the shop to buy a melon, bananas, two lemons and some
oranges.
(co-ordination of
objects)
o
Sometimes pairs of words act
together as coordinators:
Both Sue and Richard were painting the kitchen.
To be successful you need both talent and luck.
Either I or my wife will be at the meeting.
To match the wallpaper, the curtains will have to
be either
orange or yellow.
Neither Cordon nor Helen were invited.
The operation is neither feasible nor desirable.
o
The words forming the links (and,
or, but, etc) are known as coordinating conjunctions. The phrases formed by co-ordination are co-ordinate
phrases. A co-ordinate phrase has as many heads as there are
co-ordinated words or phrases in it:
The collection is both unique and priceless.
(a
co-ordinate complement phrase with two heads)
Mary, her husband,
and hís cousin Alex were all
at the wedding. (a co-ordinate subject phrase with three
heads)
PUNCTUATION IN CO-ORDINATE PHRASES
o
When two or more co-ordinated words or
phrases are linked by a co-ordinating conjunction (such as and or but), they are NOT
separated by a comma:
Her hobbies are music and photography.
The Indonesian flag is red and white.
o
When two or more co-ordinated words or
phrases are not linked by a co-ordinating conjunction (as in parataxis), they
are usually separated by comma:
Slowly, carefully,
holding her breath, she
Iifted the vase off the shelf
AII around us we see inhumanity, cruelty, greed
o
Two adjectives modifying a following
noun are nowadays usually NOT
separated by a comma, BUT a comma is NOT incorrect:
There was a strange
bright light in the sky.
OR
There was a strange,
bright light in the sky.
o
However, if the second adjective is
itself modified, for example by an adverb, there MUST be a
comma between it and the first one:
There was a strange,
very bright light in the sky.
o
Of course, if the adjectives are linked
by and, or or but, there should be NO comma:
There was a strange
and very bright light in the
sky.
They live in a large
but fairly inexpensive house.
o
Sometimes commas are inserted to
indicate that there should be a slight pause in the sentence:
They live in a large,
but fairly inexpensive, house.
o
Numbers, determiners, etc are NOT separated
from following adjectives by commas:
There were two
strange, very bright lights in the sky.
I wondered what was causing the two strange, very bright lights
in the sky.
o
When three or more words or phrases are
co-ordinated, and only the last two are linked by a conjunction, there are two options available - either they
are all separated by commas, or all but the last two are:
Her hobbies are
music, dancing, and photography.
Her hobbies are
music, dancing and photography.
The cushions will have to be yellow, beige, brown, or orange.
The cushions will have to be yellow, beige, brown or orange
o
When words or phrases are co-ordinated
by subordinating conjunctions (such as though
or if) or by a conjunct
(such as yet), there is again
some flexibility in the use and non-use of commas. Commas are often used to
indicate a slight pause in the sentence, with a lack of commas suggesting there
should be NO pause:
It
was a rather frightening yet strangely uplifting experience.
It
was a rather frightening, yet strangely uplifting, experience.
Her mother is a kind-hearted if somewhat gullible woman.
Her mother is a kind-hearted, ifsomewhat gullible, woman.
o
And note the use of the commas in these
sentences, where the order of the elements is slightly different. Again, the
commas indicate slight pauses in the sentences:
It
was a rather frightening experience, yet strangely uplifting.
Her mother is a kind-hearted woman, if somewhat gullible.
APPOSITION
Apposition
is a special type of co-ordination that
occurs when nouns, pronouns or noun phrases referring to the same person or thing are
co-ordinated, often simply by being placed together in the sentence:
My neighbour, Mrs Lee, is flying to the USA next week. (my neighbour =
Mrs Lee)
John Milton, the famous poet, was born in this house. (John
Milton = the famous poet)
o
Sometimes the words and phrases being apposed
are NOT
actually side by side in the sentence:
I got a brilliant
present from my aunt for my birthday, a new bike. (the brilliant present =
the new bike)
The boy had a
dangerous weapon in his pocket, a
large flick-knife.
(the dangerous weapon=the large flick knife)
PUNCTUATION OF WORDS AND PHRASES IN
APPOSITION
Words
or phrases in apposition are normally separated off from each other and the
rest of the sentence by commas:
Harry, my old
enemy, was laughing at my discomfiture.
I've bought some
new plants for the garden, small
rose
bushes.
o
However, if the second element of an
apposition does not just add information about the person or thing mentioned
before it but actually defines that person or thing or distinguishes it from other similar people or
things, then there are NO commas:
Mr jones the painter has just phoned. (that is to say,
Mr Jones who is the painter, as
opposed
to any other Mr Jones you might be thinking of)
o
When one of the special words and
phrases that indicate apposition is used, there will be a comma before them in
the sentence but there may or may not be a comma between them and the following
word or phrase. Such as, i.e., for
example and e.g. are
normally NOT followed by commas:
You can play all
your favourite casino games here, such
as blackjack. poker and roulette.
I have studied the habits of many birds of prey, for
example kestrels, merlins and
peregrine falcons.
o
Namely and
that is to say may or may not be followed by commas:
In this paper we try to define the reason for the European Union, that is
to say its objectives.
You have to use words that people understand, that is to
say, normal everyday language.
o
That is and
say are generally followed by
commas:
Colin Powell, that is, the
US Secretary of State, informed the European leaders of the US plans.
We'd need quite
a lot of money, say, at least $20,000.
o
There are NO commas in appositions
using of or with extraposition:
the city
of London
It is our duty to
help others.
Quick Summary
This
section summarizes the main points of what has been said so far about phrases.
o
A phrase
is any group of two or more words that can occupy the same function slot in a
sentence as a single word. The head
of a phrase is the word in the phrase that defines what sort of phrase it is.
o
A prepositional
phrase is a phrase that begins with a preposition. It may function as an
adverbial or as a subject-or object-complement. It may also be the complement
of a noun, verb, adjective or adverb. It may modify a following noun. The head of a prepositional phrase is
the preposition that begins the phrase.
o
An adjective
phrase is a phrase that has an adjective as its head. It may modify a
following noun or it may function as a subject-or object-complement. An adjectival
phrase is any phrase that can function in the same way as an adjective. Not
only adjective phrases but also noun phrases and prepositional phrases can be
adjectival phrases.
o
A noun
phrase is a phrase that can occupy the same position in a sentence as a
noun or pronoun. The head of a noun
phrase ís the noun in that phrase. A noun phrase can have any of the functions
that a noun or pronoun has, such as subject, direct object or indirect object. A
noun phrase may include such parts of speech as predeterminers, determiners,
quantifiers, numerals, possessives and adjectives. Adjectives must come in a
particular arder in a noun phrase. There may also be extensions of a noun in a
noun phrase, words or phrases that follow the noun.
o
An adverb
phrase is a phrase that has an adverb as its head. It can have any of the functions that an adverb has, such as
adjunct, disjunct and conjunct. An adverbial
phrase is any phrase that can function as an adverbial. Not only adverb
phrases but also noun phrases and prepositional phrases can be adverbial phrases.
o
A verb
phrase is a phrase that has a lexical verb as its head. Verb phrases function as predicators. The operator is the
first or only auxiliary verb in a verb phrase. Operators have an important role
in the formation of questions and negative sentences. A phrasal verb is not the
same as verb phrase. It is an expression consisting of a lexical verb followed
by an adverb, a preposition, or both an adverb and a preposition.
o
Co-ordination
takes place when two or more words or phrases of equal importance and having
the same functian are linked by a word such as and or but
. The linking word may be a co-ordinating conjunction, a subordinating
conjunction or a conjunct.
EXERCISE
Say what sort of phrases (noun
phrase, verb phrase, etc) the underlined word-groups in the following sentences
are, and circle the word that is the head of each phrase.
1.
We will
consider your suggestion carefully.
2.
There
were some lovely little calves
in the field.
3.
Her
criticisms were totally unjustified.
4.
We
stared at her in amazement.
5.
By evening they had still not reached the
farmhouse.
6.
The
hole needs to be just a little bit
bigger.
7.
Tim
sat down and poured himself a very
large whisky.
8.
You
must take a lot more exercise.
9.
I
was completely exhausted by
the time I got home.
10.
There
were two small boys standing
on the doorstep.
KEY
1.
Will
consider
Will
consider
2.
Some
lovely little calves
3.
Totally
unjustified
Totally
unjustified
4.
In
amazement
In
amazement
5.
By
evening
By
evening
6.
Just
a little bit bigger
7.
A
very large whisky
A
very large whisky
8.
A
lot more exercise
9.
Completely
exhausted
Completely
exhausted
10.
Two
small boys
Two
small boys
MULTIPLE CHOISE
Choose
the correct one and cross it!
1. We
saw her in town the other
day.
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
2. Exercise
is very good for you.
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
3. In that case,
I will let you decide what to do
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
4. That
wasn’t very sensible, was it?
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
5. Another
stupid mistakes
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
6. We
go there every summer
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
7. She
has done the dishes
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
8. Who
should I give this book to?
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
9. Let’s
consider the subject pretty well
closed
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
10. The entire male
population of the village, was in love with her
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
11. I only
decided to come at the last minute
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
12. You
can go if you want
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
13. Josh
saw a strange woman on the bus
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
14. We
knew we were totally lost
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
15. I
am very interested in modern Chinese
poetry
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
16. I
have forgotten my umbrella
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
17. We
were utterly exhausted
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
18. Fifa
stretched out her arm very slowly
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
19. Several
trees has blown down in the
storm
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
20. I
waited anxiously for her reply
What
kind of phrase that underline word?
a. Prepositional
phrase
b. Adjective
phrase
c. Noun
phrase
d. Adverb
phrase
e. Verb
phrase
ESSAY
Choose
the head of these text!
1. My
uncle will definitely be here, though
2. This
duty is very easily
3. A
great big kiss
4. To
whom should I address my remarks?
KEY
MULTIPLE
CHOISE!
1. A 6. D 11. D 16.
E
2. B 7. E 12. E 17.
B
3. A 8. A 13. A 18.
D
4. B 9. B 14. B 19.
E
5. C 10. C 15. C 20. A
ESSAY!
1. Be
2. Easily
3. Kiss
4. To
DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
Davidson,
George, Phrases, Clauses and Sentences
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